Author: Sara Wood

  • It’s Calving Time: Part 2

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    Calf, B1, sliding out.

    In our last Calving post, we shared the birth story of our first ever calf a harrowing and nerve-racking 1st calving experience for all of us.

    Today, we continue with the story of that very special calf, B1.

    Hours turned into days as we fought against the elements and the clock to save our very first calf.

    Here is B1’s story….

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    UL 220 with her calf, seconds after he was pulled.

     

    After calf B1 made his entrance (with the help of chains) that snowy, cold and wet night, we really did not know what to expect and what exactly to do…. All of us were slightly in shock and to be perfectly honest, scared for this calf’s life.  He was barely alive.

     

     

     

    We were so fortunate to have our good friend and mentor, Gene, there with us.  He guided us, kept us calm and focused us on the task at hand.  In a kind and supportive voice, he told us we should have pulled the calf earlier.  We learned a hard lesson that night.   It was a beginners’ mistake.  We should have pulled the calf 30 or more minutes earlier.  I guess you don’t know until you actually go through it, right?

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    Too weak to stand.

    Due to being stuck in the birth canal for too long, the calf’s head and tongue were extremely swollen.  His swollen, protruding tongue was the first thing we saw after he came out.  I figured we would be burying a calf that night.  Gene gently pumped …to help clear fluid from the lungs and stimulate breathing.  The calf was breathing but barely.  Gene told us to rub along the calf’s spine to help stimulate breathing as well. We rubbed and we rubbed. The breathing got a little stronger and we knew that this calf needed to stand and nurse as soon as possible.  After a couple of halfhearted attempts, it was obvious that this calf was simply too weak, and too ‘injured’ to stand and nurse.

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    Swollen, protruding tongue and extremely weak.

    The temperature was quickly dropping and the pasture was a maze of little muddy rivers from the snow and rain that day. If we left this calf, in the hopes of him standing and nursing, overnight, we had no doubt we would be finding a frozen, dead calf the next morning.  We had no intention of that happening.  We were going to give all that we had to save this calf. We needed to get colostrum in this calf ASAP!

     

    Colostrum is absolutely critical for the health of a newborn calf.  Colostrum is often referred to as “liquid gold” and for good reason.  This milky substance is full of vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates and proteins, providing the very best nutrition needed to help build the immune system in those first critical days and to give the calf the best start possible for a strong and healthy body.  Click here to read more about the importance of colostrum in the hours after birth.

    We made the decision to load the calf in our sled, hook the sled to our four-wheeler and bring this little guy into the house for the night. We could hear the mother cow’s cries all the way back at the house. This was going to be a rough night for all.

    Our immediate plan was to mix powdered colostrum and bottle feed it to the calf.  Sounds simple and easy, right?  Well, because of the calf’s extremely swollen tongue, he could not nurse the nipple on the bottle.  For almost four hours, we worked as a team, one holding the calf’s head up (he was too weak to even hold his head up) and the other gently working the nipple into his mouth, squeezing in the colostrum and encouraging him to swallow the liquid.  We had to be careful, though, not to force too much liquid on him; because the calf was barely swallowing, we did not want the colostrum to get into his lungs and for him to develop pneumonia.

    All the while, we kept the calf wrapped in dry, warm towels in front of our wood stove.  The calf did make a few more halfhearted attempts to stand but even with our assistance, he could not support his own weight.  He simply collapsed to the ground every time we helped him up.  By midnight, we had fed him around one quart of colostrum and he was dry and toasty.  We left him in front of the wood stove, said some prayers, and went to bed.

    In the morning, I could hear him in the family room, trying to stand.  His weakness combined with our slippery, laminate floors were not a recipe for standing up.  But, we knew he was alive and kicking!  He had made it through the night. We had made it through one small battle but the war was far from over.

    That morning, we immediately went to work, mixing up another bottle of colostrum.  But, the calf still could not nurse the bottle. If we ever wanted this calf to stand on his own and walk around, we needed him to build up his strength. The clock was ticking and every minute was precious.  Bottle feeding simply was not going to work.  We were going to have to tube-feed this calf.

    Throughout the course of that day, in total, we tube-fed the calf almost four quarts of colostrum. In addition, we also spent a lot of time encouraging the calf to stand and helping to support him while standing.

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    B1 resting with his mom. Still not standing at this point.

    Despite our efforts, this calf appeared to have given up.  He had no desire to live it seemed. Luckily, the weather conditions started to improve and we decided to take the calf to visit his mom.  She immediately welcomed him back and went to work on grooming him and encouraging him to stand.  He did not stand during this visit but we observed much more spunk and a definite will to live.

     

    Temperatures were predicted to dip down below freezing that night so we had no choice but to bring the calf back in for the night.  It was simply heartbreaking to take the calf away from his mom…again…  She bellowed and ran after us as we raced to get the calf out of the pasture and to the house without her attacking us.  We were actually very pleased by her protective nature and natural mothering instincts.  She was already a very good mom.

    Again that night, we prayed that we would wake up to a live calf.  We set our alarm clock for a middle of the night tube feeding.  During that middle of the night feeding the calf peed for the first time and pooped two times.  Very encouraging.  We found another poop and pee when we woke in the morning.  The calf was trying with everything he had to stand.  He had some will to live now.  We took him back to see his mom.  Both calf and mom seemed very relieved to be back together and imagine our surprise when that calf stood on his own and took a few wobbly steps!

    They stayed together for the rest of the afternoon.  To our knowledge, the calf did not stand and walk again.  He certainly was not nursing.  The time had come for his afternoon feeding.  This time was going to be different, though.  We had talked with Gene and he strongly advised that we find a way to keep the calf outdoors overnight.  He worried about respiratory issues arising from the back and forth, from inside to outside.  This calf needed to adjust to outdoor conditions, both day and night.

    Heavy rain was predicted for that night and we knew that we needed to provide some sort of shelter for the calf. So, using scrap materials on the farm, we set-up an area for the calf inside one of our storage units.  We loaded the calf back in the sled and brought both mom and calf to the pasture with the storage unit.  At this point, things got a bit dicey.  We needed to give the calf his afternoon tube feeding.  In order to do that, we needed to bring him into the storage unit and put up a makeshift gate to prevent the mom from attacking us while we fed the calf.

    In the course of trying to get the calf from the sled to the storage unit (the calf kept standing up and walking away from the unit), the mother cow decided that enough was enough and rammed Jer to the ground. Understandably, this mother cow was at the end of her rope, fraught with fear for her and her calf’s lives. What she did was a natural instinct for her and my response back was a natural instinct as well. There will be times in your life where fear and adrenaline will drive you to act, to act before your brain even processes the potential danger you are putting yourself in. You don’t think, you just go. After Jer hit the ground, I did what I had to do to protect and shield him from the mother cow while he regained his footing. Fear drove both me and that mother cow for those intense minutes. She was protecting her own and I had to protect my own. Jer and I work as a team on this farm.  This is our shared dream, and I wasn’t going to let it end that afternoon.

    We need to be reminded that these animals are very large and very strong and when you add in elements like fear, their strength will seem endless. This behavior is something that you need to respect. You have to be alert and on yours toes every second while working around these animals.

    Moving on, we eventually did get the calf into the storage unit and tube fed him two quarts of colostrum. Not knowing if we would get this opportunity again with him, we went ahead and worked the calf.  Using the supplies in our calving bucket, we gave him a shot of Multi-min, tagged his left ear, banded him, and squirted iodine into his navel to help prevent infection.  We also did a hoof measurement to try to get a weight.   We reunited the calf and the mother cow, and we walked away from the pasture that afternoon a little more seasoned and a bit smarter than when we entered it.

    This would be night three for this calf. We were extremely anxious going to bed that night, fearful that the calf would stumble out of the storage unit and drown in the rain and mud. Jer checked the mother and calf in the middle of the night and all was well.

    In the morning, I immediately jumped out of bed, jammed my feet into my muck boots, grabbed my hat and jacket and booked it to the storage unit pasture.  As I approached the pasture, I could see a brown form huddled near a hay bale. I ran faster and could see that it was the calf.  He had made his way out of the storage unit and walked a good distance to the shelter of the hay bales. As I ducked under the fence and approached him, he moved.  I was almost dizzy with relief.  I could have cried.  As I knelt down beside him, he immediately jumped up and walked straight to his mom.  What he did next was simply a miracle – he nursed him mom.  I stood in shock and in awe of the sight before me.  Again, I could have cried. I called Jer on the phone and told him that I didn’t think we would have to worry about a bottle calf, we had a nurser on our hands!!

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    B1 nursing his mom for one of the first times!
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    B1 nursing his mom for one of the first times!

     

     

     

    Calf, B1, continued to nurse his mom that day and he never looked back. 🙂

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

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    B1 nursing his mom at almost two weeks old.

     

    As I am writing this post, B1 is frolicking in the pasture with our other seven calves, strong, healthy, and with a definite will to live.

     

     

     

    And that, folks, was our introduction into the world of calving!

    Thank you for sharing in our story and please enjoy some more pictures of B1, below:

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  • Active Breeding: What Now?

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    Who’s there?!

    We continue with our blog series on Cattle Breeding with information, advice, and tips on the day-to-day routine during the active breeding season.

    Click on the links below to read the other posts in our Cattle Breeding Series.

     

     

    Cattle Breeding Series Introduction

    Deciding Your Breeding Season

    Selecting Bulls for Your Breeding Program

    Lessons Learned in Selecting a Bull

     

    We only have one breeding season under our belts so we are far from being experts on this subject.  We are learning every day and we welcome advice and tips.

    Today we would like to share what our day-to-day routine was during the cattle breeding season as well as other information we feel is important to consider and understand during the active breeding season.

    The work doesn’t stop when your breeding season starts. The most critical and important work is just starting…..

    After deciding when our breeding season would be and for how long, and after selecting our bull and having him arrive at our farm, our first step in starting our first ever breeding season was to introduce the bull to our herd.

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    Yearling black Angus bull. 2013 breeding season.

     

     

    In our case, our leased bull was owned by the same person who sold us our 10 heifers (our friend, Gene).  Therefore, we figured it would be easier all around if he just came along with our heifers in late-June.

     

     

     

     

    Because our bull came with our heifers before our breeding season started, we had to set him up in a pasture on his own. Oh my, was that the longest three weeks in all of our lives! He cried for those heifers, and he stormed around his pasture like a, well, like a bull on a rampage! He was not impressed with the situation.

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    Yearling black Angus bull with the herd.
    2013 breeding season.

     

    We let the bull into the herd on July 13, 2013 and he was literally off and running. He bucked and ran and started mounting the heifers like it was going out of style. The heifers were running around as well, bucking, headbutting and mounting each other.  It was quite the show to say the least.

     

     

     

    That bull was in heaven.  He was with his ladies. All was right again in the world. So, with that flamboyant introduction, our first task was done, the bull was with the herd and we were off and running on our first breeding season!

    If you were to ask us what the key ingredients are to having a successful breeding season, we would say that, besides having good animals, it would be to document, document, document, record, record, RECORD!  We can not stress enough the importance of good documentation and organized records during the breeding season.  Essential, you are working in the dark in regards to when you calving season is if you don’t keep consistent and accurate records.

    Prior to the start of the breeding season, we made an Excel spreadsheet to record our observations during the breeding season.  We noted the date we introduced the bull and noted that the herd was cycling when we introduced him.  In addition, throughout the season, we made notes specific to each heifer, on whether she was showing signs of estrus and if we had seen her bred, and any other pertinent observations or comments on the herd and the bull.

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    2013 breeding season

     

    Our priorities during the breeding season were to try to observe and record active breeding as well as pinpoint when the heifers were in estrus or cycling.  To help accomplish this we had twice daily, 30-minute minimum, observation sessions of the herd, where we simply watched the herd and documented our observations.

     

    Our goal with these sessions was to simply sit/stand and observe the herd.  We did not want to bring any attention to ourselves and/or distract the herd. We simply wanted them to go about their normal activities.

    While we were hoping to pinpoint active breeding, we were also interested in any behavioral activity that would suggest the heifers were in estrus or cycling. This includes mounting each other and/or the bull, headbutting each other, sniffing each others rear areas, aggression, a bent tail, and vaginal discharge, with the last two as possible indicators of a successful breeding.

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    Yearling black Angus bull. 2013 breeding season.

     

    In addition, we also learned to watch how the bull moved around the herd.  If we walked between him and a heifer and he did not move back to that heifer, odds were she was not cycling.  On the flip side, if the bull was almost obsessively following a heifer, sniffing and nudging her, she was likely either in estrus or about to come into it.

     

    At times, the bull would also exhibit the Flehmen response, where he would curl his upper lip back and extend his head out in an effort to detect if a particular heifer was cycling.

    This was our first breeding season and we were breeding a yearling bull to heifers, so we were all newbies.  There were often times that we observed a heifer “acting” like she was in estrus (headbutting, mounting) but we thought she was pregnant!   Our friend, Gene, reassured us that sometimes pregnant heifers and cows still like to get a little frisky!  But, there were a handful of heifers that simply did not take their first cycle and truly were cycling again. For whatever reason that pregnancy did not take or wasn’t viable.

    As the breeding season progressed, we got a bit more confident in our ability to detect breeding behavior and started to anticipate our heifers next estrus cycle. By the end of the breeding season, we felt pretty comfortable with stating that at least eight of our 10 heifers had been bred.  We had observed a mating session and they did not come back in estrus again during the season.  As for the other two heifers, we did not observe an actual mating session but they did show signs of estrus at some point during the breeding season.  We assumed that they had been bred as well.  But, considering this was our first breeding season, we needed to be certain that all 10 heifers were pregnant. Financially-speaking, it would make no sense for us to carry open heifers into the winter.  Any open heifers would be culled from the herd. We needed calves on the ground in the spring and every heifer needed to contribute to that calf crop.

    So, we made a phone call to our veterinarian and scheduled a pregnancy and wellness-check on our farm in mid-November.

    The day of reckoning was coming!

    Click here to read about the results of our pregnancy check.

     

     

  • Colostrum: aka “Liquid Gold”

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    Newborn calf getting her first feeding of colostrum.
    Note the colostrum on her mouth, ear and neck!

     

     

    Colostrum – the first milk a calf receives from a cow after being born – is absolutely critical for the health of a newborn calf and even more so for calves with a traumatic delivery.

     

     

     

    Colostrum is often referred to as “liquid gold” and for good reason.  This milky substance is full of vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates and proteins, providing the very best nutrition needed to help build the immune system in those first critical days and to give the calf the best start possible for a strong and healthy body.  Of particular importance to the newborn calf are the absorbing antibodies or proteins within the colostrum. While the calf nurses his mom, these absorbing antibodies are entering his bloodstream and absorbed through the intestinal lining, immediately going to work in helping to build his immune system to help fight disease and infection.

    A newborn calf’s intestinal lining is very thin at birth (called an “open gut”, allowing large molecules to enter) and starts to gradually thicken in the hours after birth, eventually closing altogether.  The act of nursing increases the rate at which the gut starts to close.  Therefore, it is extremely important for a newborn calf to get as much colostrum as possible in the first few hours after birth.  Colostrum remains important past those first few critical hours, but the calf’s ability to absorb the antibodies into their gut significantly drops by hour 12, with the gut closing completely by hour 24.

    While we hope for every newborn calf to get his colostrum directly from his mom, that is not always possible.  In cases where a newborn calf is unable to nurse his mom or there are complicating factors (e.g., mother cow is very ill or dies, etc), you can used a powdered colostrum mix (available at farm stores like Tractor Supply) and bottle or tube-feed it to the newborn calf.  These mixes aren’t ideal, but can be a live saver for a calf.  If a calf makes it through its first few weeks of life, it begins developing a immune system that will replace these antibodies in fending off infection and disease, and hopefully promote a long, healthy and productive life.

     

  • Snow, Rain, Sleet…It’s Calving Time: Part 1

    April showers snow storms bring May flowers April/May calves!

    The last month we have been on pins and needles, excited and nervous for the start of our first ever calving season.  We were so relieved when the snow finally melted away and we started to have several dry, sunny days in a row.  We figured it was the perfect time for a calf to be born, right?  It seemed that all of our careful planning with our breeding season was panning out.

    Apparently, though, Mother Nature still had a few surprises up her sleeve.

    We woke up the morning of Thursday, April 24th and were immediately thrown back into winter.  It was such a shock to see the wintery scene unfolding out the window.  Snow, sleet, rain, cold temperatures…you name it, we had it that day.

    Perfect day for a calf to be born, right?!  And, especially for greenhorns like us trying to calve with limited indoor facilities.

    First-calf heifer UL220 did not care not that the weather and ground conditions were horrible for calving.  She was having her calf, warm or cold, snow or sun…weather be darned.  This calf was coming.

    So, we pulled our winter gear back out (bye-bye sandals:)) and dove headfirst into what would become (for us) an absolute nightmare situation.  Looking back on it, we realize that it could have been much, much worse.  But, for us, it was pretty rough.  All of those “what ifs” and “oh, that won’t  happen to us”, came thundering down on us as we fought a very mental, emotional and physical battle to save this heifer and her calf’s lives.

    Let me start at the beginning…….

    Thursday, April 24, 2014

    In the recent weeks, we had started checking the herd every couple of hours for signs of labor.  At around 1:15pm in the afternoon, I (Sara) was checking the herd when I noticed that one of the heifers had isolated herself from the herd.   We have some heifers that are a little anti-social normally but this was definitely not one of those heifers.  This was actually our friendliest and most social heifer.  She is also our youngest (will be 2 in June).  She is the only one that we can actually rub/touch.   I walked over to her and immediately got the “stay away from me” vibe from her.  Very unusual behavior for her.   Later on, Jeremiah told me that she would not let him pet her that morning.

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    Bent tail, bad mood and anti-social. I think we are having a calf!

     

     

    I also noticed that her tail was bent to the side.  She was not chewing cud or eating.  She was simply standing in some bushes, away from the herd, with her tail bent to the side and in what I would call a very bad mood.

     

     

    I called Jeremiah at work and filled him in on what I was seeing.  He told me to keep an eye on her and to keep him updated.  I came back to the house and within 30 minutes, I put my muck boots back on and practically sprinted back to the pasture.   I just knew that calf was coming.  Too many signs and the bent tail was a dead giveaway (I can say that confidently now that we have seven calves on the ground).

    As I approached the pasture, I could see the heifer was in the same location but laying down on her side.  I knew it was game on at that point.  My heart was racing and I was almost delirious with what to do.  I remember running around the hay bale area, trying to collect dry hay to put around her.  I was so excited and very naive for I thought I was going to witness an easy, natural birth.

    The heifer was definitely having contractions.  Her whole whole body lifted off the ground with the effort.  She alternated between laying down and standing up, with her tail lifted straight up in the air.  During one of her sessions laying down, she pooped and peed.  There is only going to be probably two times in a cows life when she pees laying down.  One, she is extremely ill and/or dying and two, she is having a calf!  At that point, Jer decided to come home and we switched places for a bit.  I came back to the house to take care of things and Jer took up the watch.

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    Passing the water bag.

     

     

     

    I got a phone call at 2:45pm that she had passed her water bag.  There was definitely no turning back now.  I rushed back to the pasture and joined Jer.

     

     

     

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    Two hooves!

     

     

     

    Shortly after she passed the water bag, we could see two hooves poking out.

     

     

     

     

    The contractions were literally rocking her body.  For about 2 1/2 hours, we watched her (from a safe distance) as she continued to alternate between laying down and standing up with hard contractions.  From our research and advice from other people, first-calf heifers can labor for 1-3 hours.

    This was our first experience and there is a very fine balance between letting nature take its course and us (humans) intercepting.  We did not want to assist too soon and risk causing health risks to both the calf and the mother.  Also, we really did not want to be the reason for any bonding issues for the calf and mother.

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    UL220, seconds before we pulled the calf.
    She was absolutely spent. She could not progress past the front legs.

     

    As more time passed, it became evident that UL220 was slowly starting to give up.  She simply could not push the head out and she had no more to give.  She was done.  We had to step in at this point.  We risked losing both the mother and the calf if we didn’t intervene.  UL 220 is our youngest heifer and small for her age.  She isn’t even two years old yet! (in June).

     

     

    We had been in phone contact on and off during the labor with our good friend and mentor, Gene.  Since this was our first calving experience and it was looking like we were going to have to pull this calf, Gene wanted to come up and provide physical and mental support!

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    Jer and Gene gearing up to pull the calf.
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    Pulling…..
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    and the calf is out!

     

     

     

     

    Within 5 minutes of Gene arriving, him and Jer pulled the calf.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    They said that they barely had to tug on the chains and…..

     

     

     

     

     

     

    the calf slipped right out!

     

     

     

     

     

     

    I watched the entire process and documented it with the above pictures.  It was completely surreal.  We were all so excited and relieved that the calf was out.

    The tough times, though, were only starting.

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    The prognosis was not looking good for our first ever calf……

     

     

     

     

    Please click here to read Part 2, where we fight to save this calf’s life.

  • Lessons Learned in Selecting a Bull

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    Our very first calf.
    A red Angus bull calf born on April 24, 2014.

     

     

    On our farm right now we have four calves on the ground.  That is four out of an expected 10.  It has been a whirlwind of a week, with lessons learned at every turn.

     

     

     

     

    We have spent a lot of time talking about selecting your bull and the option of using a calving ease bull on this site.  With 50% of our births thus far needing assistance (2 out of 4), we are learning that you really do take your chances when selecting a bull, good genetics or not.  Life, or in this case, calving, doesn’t always go exactly as planned.

    Let us explain……

    Last summer we leased a yearling, black Angus bull to breed our 10 red Angus heifers.  This bull had good calving ease genetics, and we were hoping that he would prove to be a good calving ease bull himself.  Calving ease was especially important for us as we were dealing with first-calf heifers and this was our first time calving.

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    Our fourth calf. A 110-pound black Angus bull calf born on April 30, 2014.
    This picture was taken just minutes after we pulled him out.

     

    Of the four calves we have on the ground, we had to assist in pulling two of those.

    One of those two calves was a whopping 110 pounds! That is a big calf for a mature cow, let alone a first-calf heifer.

    He is a brute.

     

     

     

    Despite our bull’s good calving ease genetics, he is not proving himself as a calving ease bull.

    A 110-pound calf is simply not calving ease.

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    Pulling our first calf during a snow/rain/sleet-storm.
    This is the same calf in the first picture in this post.

     

     

    Our other three calves were 80, 86 and 87 pounds.  We had to pull the 86 pound calf.

    Not what we consider calving ease.

     

     

     

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    Our 3rd calf being born. A black Angus heifer
    born on April 28, 2014 at 87 pounds.
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    Our 2nd calf being born. A red Angus bull calf.
    Born on April 28, 2014 at 80 pounds.

     

     

    The 80 and 87 pound calves came out like a dream, though.  Exactly how you want your labor and delivery to go.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Even though they came out easy they are still on the larger side.

    Our desired birth weight for calves from a first-calf heifer and a calving ease bull is 60-75 pounds.

     

     

     

    Before we know it, in about 2 1/2 months, another breeding season will be upon us.  We will be leasing another bull and you better believe that we will be making that selection very, very carefully and keeping all of the advice that we give in our selecting a bull post in mind.

    We do have our eye on a proven calving ease bull that we would like to lease this summer.  Even so, you take your chances with whatever bull you pick.

    We got into the beef cattle business knowing that, as with any business, there are risks and there are rewards, there are ups and there are downs.

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    Our 110-pound calf, B7, nursing his mom.

     

    As I am typing this, I can see our newest calf nursing his mom.  He is a big boy, and we had to pull him but that calf is strong and healthy.

    That’s all the reward we need.